Thermal labels, also known as direct thermal labels, are a type of label commonly used in various industries for printing information such as barcodes, product labels, shipping labels, and more. These labels work based on a thermal printing process that uses heat to create images on the label surface. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how thermal labels work:

Label Composition: Thermal labels are typically made up of three layers: a top coating, a middle layer containing a heat-sensitive substance, and a bottom layer that acts as the label’s base.

Thermal Printers: Thermal labels require a special type of printer called a thermal printer. There are two types of thermal printers: direct thermal and thermal transfer printers. Direct thermal printers use heat directly on the thermal label, while thermal transfer printers use a ribbon to transfer ink onto the label.

Heat Activation: In direct thermal printing, the printer generates heat in specific areas of the label corresponding to the image or text to be printed. This heat causes a reaction in the heat-sensitive substance present in the label’s middle layer.

Color Change: When heat is applied to the label, the heat-sensitive substance undergoes a chemical reaction, resulting in a color change. The color change is typically from white to black, although other color options are also available.

Image Formation: The areas on the label where heat is applied turn black, forming the desired image or text. This process is similar to how a thermal fax machine or a thermal receipt printer operates.

Durability: Thermal labels are generally more sensitive to environmental factors such as heat, sunlight, and abrasion compared to other label types. Therefore, they are commonly coated with a protective layer to enhance durability and prevent fading or smudging.

It’s worth noting that thermal labels do not require ink or toner cartridges like traditional printers. This makes them a convenient and cost-effective solution for certain applications. However, it’s important to consider the limitations of thermal labels, as they may not be suitable for long-term storage, extreme temperature conditions, or applications requiring high-resolution and color printing.